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KMID : 1011120140080020109
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Bioethics Policy Studies
2014 Volume.8 No. 2 p.109 ~ p.131
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The Liberal Eugenics and Bio-politics - Focusing on Problems of Gene Determinism and Bio-hierarchy -
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Kim Gwang-Yeon
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Abstract
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Humankind begins to embody eugenics program benefited from some scientists seeking Prometheus’ desire that wanted to be selected as superior race. For a decade, eugenics gradually degraded into a denigrating tool to destroy human dignity and its justification grew vague accordingly. With the emerging of biotechnology, eugenics began to revive in the name of “liberal eugenics” to cope with the 21st biotechnology.
The liberal eugenics is deeply connected with improvement of human gene. Such a eugenics is now causing another ethical issue in terms of securing a superior gene by improved body that is quite different from former eugenics described above. The newly raised issue is also closely referred to bio-politics that claims human race can take its genes by means of bio-technology even before coming into the world.
Bio-politics is also related to a ethical issue, so as to speak “predetermined clique.” It causes a serious social hierarchy in that a human with superior gene can rule over the inferior human. Since it requires a intentional experiment of embryo, manipulating of human gene might influence on dignity of embryo and human cloning. Bringing up such a problem, this study tried to examine some issues like ethical perspective on eugenics and its relation with bio-politics or embryo cloning. Based on this premise, this study raised some questions asking how we can preserve human dignity against gene determinism and predetermined social status, on which we can suggest a universal value of humankind and advisable understanding of anonymous embryo.
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KEYWORD
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Liberal eugenics, Bio-politics, Embryo Cloning, Gene Determinism, A Policy of Improvement(Reformism), Biohierarchy, human dignity
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